基于合作对象探讨我国学术期刊专题/专栏建设

【目的】 了解学术期刊专题/专栏建设的现状,以切实发挥学术期刊专题/专栏建设的作用,为期刊的品牌建设、学术创新、影响力提升和办刊质量提高提供策略。【方法】 采用问卷调查法,对全国范围内397名专题/专栏合作对象(包括期刊主编、编委、审稿人、作者)进行调查,了解他们对期刊专题/专栏建设的态度和意见,从合作对象视角探讨影响学术期刊专题/专栏建设成功率和有效性的因素。【结果】 合作对象态度上,表示支持专题/专栏建设工作的比例较高(71.28%),但供稿率不高(43.37%),存在态度和行为分离的现象。排名前5的供稿率影响因素是期刊被本专业领域研究者认可、期刊被数据库收录情况、期刊影响力、期刊品牌、期刊的处理速度。最优的约稿方式是行业内的学术带头人联系约稿,其次是熟识的专家委托和期刊主编亲自联系进行约稿。合作对象最希望获得的帮助是稿件快速审理发表和确定选题方向。【结论】 为提高学术期刊专题/专栏建设质量,应进一步挖掘重要合作对象的作用,有针对性地选择高供稿率的合作对象;努力挖掘和利用影响合作对象供稿的因素,在期刊品牌建设、扩大影响力方面下功夫;优化约稿方式方法,重视行业学术带头人的作用;同时通过稿件快速审理发表、帮助确定选题并提供发表后推广等服务,提高合作对象对专题/专栏建设工作的认可度和参与度。     

Identifying developmental disability in national surveys: Addressing the knowledge gap with special education histories

BackgroundIn the United States nearly 20% of children ages 12–17 have developmental disorders. Some attain population-based developmental milestones after a delay, or increase functioning through special education, medication, technology, or therapy. Others have severe lasting impairments. An indicator identifying those groups in surveys of adults could help shape policies to improve lives.HypothesesWe hypothesized that survey histories of special education could indicate functional status levels.MethodsData were from the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1997–2017, n = 2745). With measures of diagnoses, behaviors, functional status, service use, and adult outcomes, we tested three special education groups as indicators of: (1) no impairment (no special education), (2) disorders, developmental diagnoses that adversely affect educational performance, but with development after a period of delay or only moderate disability, indicated by transfer from special education; and (3) severe lasting disability, the diagnoses combined with life-long needs for supports or services, with limitations in areas including self-care, mobility, and capacity for independent living, indicated by special education in the individual's final year of school.ResultsAcross the special education groups, from no impairment to severe lasting disability, there were trends of: increasing severe and lasting disability (respectively 4.8%, 35.6%, 76.4%); increasing special services use (13.5%, 43.1%, 83.7%); increasing severe emotional disorders (2.3%, 11.3%, 17.9%); lower percentages attaining at least an associate's degree by age 25 (42.1%, 20.7%, and 8.9%); and more chronic diseases.ConclusionsSpecial education histories provide a useful indicator of developmental disability impairment levels in adults.     

疫情催生的“云馆配”与其他采访模式的比较与思考

以浙江省首届“云馆配”图书展示会为例，介绍了“云馆配”采访模式的具体实践，对“云馆配”与现场采访、征订目录采访、读者荐购、读者决策采购等不同采访模式进行了比较，指出了各种模式的优势与不足，提出了“云馆配”采访模式的优化发展策略。认为“云馆配”立足用户需求，不仅使图书馆（用户）、馆配商、出版社三方得到了及时、有效的沟通，还成为读者决策采购的一种新的积极尝试。“云馆配”采访模式已在疫情期间得到了较好应用，未来可辅助日常图书采访。     

真实世界肺癌免疫治疗的有关问题和思考

近年来,免疫治疗研究在肺癌上取得突破性进展,能显著改善肺癌患者的总生存期,且耐受性良好。然而临床研究入组人群具有高度选择性,并不能完全代表真实世界人群。真实世界免疫治疗的疗效及安全性是否与临床研究的一致,何时应用,选择单药还是联合治疗,老年、PS≥2分、自身免疫疾病、使用激素、脑转移等特殊人群的应用,以及疗效标志物的选择,疗效评估标准,不良反应的管理等问题都值得进一步思考。本文通过真实世界数据与临床研究的比较,对真实世界免疫治疗存在问题进行初步分析。     

Vaccine timeliness and prevalence of undervaccination patterns in children ages 0–19 months,U.S., National Immunization Survey-Child 2017

ObjectivesTypically, early childhood vaccination coverage in the U.S. is measured as the proportion of children by age 24 months who completed recommended vaccine series. However, these measures do not reflect whether vaccine doses were received at the ages recommended by the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, or whether children received vaccines concomitantly, per the ACIP recommended schedule. This study’s objective was to quantify vaccine timeliness and prevalence of specific patterns of undervaccination in U.S. children ages 0–19 months.MethodsUsing 2017 National Immunization Survey-Child data, we calculated days undervaccinated for the combined 7-vaccine series and distinguished undervaccination patterns indicative of parental vaccine hesitancy, such as spreading out vaccines across visits (“shot-limiting”) or starting some but not all recommended vaccine series (“selective vaccination”), from other non-hesitancy patterns, such as missing final vaccine doses or receiving all doses, with some or all late. We measured associations between demographic, socioeconomic and other characteristics with undervaccination patterns using multivariable log-linked binomial regression. Analyses accounted for the complex survey design.ResultsAmong n = 15,333 U.S. children, only 41.2% received all recommended vaccine doses on-time by age 19 months. Approximately 20.9% of children had an undervaccination pattern suggestive of parental vaccine hesitancy, and 36.2% had other undervaccination non-hesitancy patterns. Uninsured children and those with lower levels of maternal education were more likely to exhibit undervaccination patterns suggestive of parental hesitancy. Lower levels of maternal education were also associated with other non-hesitancy undervaccination patterns.ConclusionsMore than half of children in the U.S. are undervaccinated at some point by 19 months of age. Ongoing assessment of vaccine timeliness and immunization schedule adherence could facilitate timely and targeted public health interventions in populations with high levels of undervaccination.     

医院图书馆精细化信息服务探讨

分析精细化服务的含义，探讨精细化知识/信息服务的措施和途径，包括服务内容精细、服务过程个性化、服务方法人性化，指出精细化信息服务对医院图书馆员的要求。医院图书馆需要通过精细化服务，为临床医护人员提供高质量的医学信息资源，提高其信息素养和信息资源获取能力。     

生理药代动力学模型在天然药物药动学研究中的应用＊

生理药代动力学（Physiologically based pharmacokinetic，PBPK）模型是一种基于解剖生理学信息和药物的理化特征，模拟药物在体内各组织器官吸收、分布、代谢、消除过程的数学模型。本文就运用PBPK模型开展的天然药物药动学研究进行综述，从药物相互作用和特殊人群应用方面讨论了PBPK模型的应用与前景，旨在为天然药物的临床前研究和临床使用提供新思路。     

基于岗位管理的基层医院专科护士使用及考核的现状调查研究

目的调查四川省基层医院专科护士使用和考核现状,对其使用和考核体系进行探索。方法于2017年9月7-15日,采用问卷调查法对四川省38所二级及三级乙等医疗单位专科护士的使用和发展现状进行调查。结果共有38所医院参与网络问卷调查,其中34.21%的医院未针对专科护士设置岗位,岗位职责不清晰。有73.68%的专科护士未进行资质再认证,60.53%的专科护士学成后未进行专科资质再考核。结论我国对专科护士能力的评价认证体系尚未形成统一标准,对专科护士的培养条件也未形成统一标准。护士岗位管理中设置专科护士岗位能促进专科护士的职业发展规划,有利于专科护士使用和考核。     

3种现代医院图书馆服务平台功能比较

探讨目前流行的3种网络信息交流工具——博客、微博和微信,比较分析其在医院图书馆发展中的作用及其特征。指出医院图书馆应根据自身需要应用这些交流工具开展相应服务,为用户搭建互动交流平台,促进服务质量的提高。